Structure of a typical bacterial cell

Various parts are as follows. Bacterial Cell Wall Peptidoglycan murein rigid structure that lies just outside the cell plasma membrane two types based on Gram stain Gram-positive.

Bacillus and Clostridium rods Sporosarcina cocci and others.

Structure of a typical bacterial cell. A bacterial cell shows various parts and these parts have specific structure and functions. Some structures are present in that particular species and hence that structure is characteristic feature of that species. Various parts are as follows.

Bacterial Cell Wall Peptidoglycan murein rigid structure that lies just outside the cell plasma membrane two types based on Gram stain Gram-positive. Stain pink or red. Thin peptidoglycan and outer membrane.

A typical bacterial cell is structurally very similar to a plant cell. The cell structure of a bacterial cell consists of a complex membrane and membrane-bound protoplast. There are also cell walls cytoplasm and nucleoids genetic material are present in the bacterial cell.

The different parts of a typical bacterial cell are described below. Nevertheless bacteria do possess a rather complex surface structure having a rigid cell wall that surrounds the cytoplasmic membrane as shown in Fig. 27 which essentially serves as the osmotic barrier as well as the active transport necessarily needed so as to sustain and maintain a suitable intracellular concentration of the specific ions and the metabolites.

Drawing of a typical bacterial cell by Vaike Haas University of Wisconsin-Madison Primary Structure of Biological Macromolecules Determines Function Procaryotic structural components consist of macromolecules such as DNA RNA proteins polysaccharides phospholipids. In the Gram-positive Bacteria the cell wall is thick 15-80 nanometers consisting of several layers of peptidoglycan. In the Gram-negative Bacteria the cell wall is relatively thin 10 nanometers and is composed of a single layer of peptidoglycan surrounded by an outer membrane.

Structure of a Typical Bacterial Cell Fill in the missing information in the table below Predominate Chemical Composition Protein Structure Functions Pili Sex pilus Common pili Attachment to surfaces. Protection or fimbriae against phagotrophic engulfment Attachment to surfaces. Protection against phagocytic engulfment occasionally killing or digestion.

In bacteria the cell wall forms a rigid structure of uniform thickness around the cell and is responsible for the characteristic shape of the cell rod coccus or spiral. Inside the cell wall or rigid peptidoglycan layer is the plasma cytoplasmic membrane. This is usually closely apposed to the wall layer.

Bacteria are protected by rigid cell walls that form envelopes and surround the cells. The cell walls of bacteria are made of peptidoglycan which is a polysaccharide chain. In gram-positive bacteria the cell walls are thick whereas in gram-negative bacteria they are thin.

The cell wall of gram-negative bacteria is also surrounded by an extra thin layer membrane composed of lipopolysaccharide and lipoproteins. Bacterial Cell Structure and Function 1. Slime layers and capsules.

The outermost surface of a bacterial cell consists of a layer of excreted polysaccharide material. This viscous material that essentially forms a covering layer or a sort of envelope around the cell wall material is called slime layer if it is loose and slimy. In the bacterial cell structure the flagella arise from the cytoplasm and emerge from the cell with a tubular whip-like projection.

The flagella are divided into three parts those are the basal body hook like structure and terminal filament. The cell envelope is composed of the cell membrane and the cell wallAs in other organisms the bacterial cell wall provides structural integrity to the cell. In prokaryotes the primary function of the cell wall is to protect the cell from internal turgor pressure caused by the much higher concentrations of proteins and other molecules inside the cell compared to its external environment.

Prokaryotic cell bacterial cell Size. Most are 5 μm 100 μm. Most are 02 μm 20 μm.

Outer layers of cell. Surrounded by cell wall in plants and fungi. Structure of Bacterial Cell.

Bacterial cells prokaryotic cells are structurally much simpler than eukaryotic cells and the two cell types are compared in Table 32. They consists of various cell surface structures cell wall plasma membrane many cytoplasmic inclusions. The Bacterial Endospore A number of gram-positive bacteria can form a special resistant dormant structure called an endospore.

Endospores develop within vegetative bacterial cells of several genera. Bacillus and Clostridium rods Sporosarcina cocci and others. Cell wall Peptidoglycan - molecule found only in bacterial cell walls.

The rigid structure of peptidoglycan gives the bacterial cell shape surrounds the plasma membrane and provides prokaryotes with protection from the environment From the. The structure of bacteria is known for its simple body design. Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms with the absence of the nucleus and other c ell organelles.

Hence they are classified as prokaryotic organisms. They are also very versatile organisms surviving in extremely inhospitable conditions. Such organisms are called extremophiles.